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哈薩克語翻譯

NOTE　留意事項
1.Nurse the oral and nasal cavities everyday.逐日給予口腔及鼻腔護理
2.Avoid feeding in air during gavage feeding.灌食中避免灌入空氣
3.Stop feeding immediately if the following strange phenomena occurred: non-stop coughing, breathing changes, vomiting or face turning blue. Contact homecare attendant.灌食中若出現奇異現象，如咳嗽不止或呼吸轉變、吐逆、神色發青現象，應當即停止灌食，並連系居家護理師
4.Take note of prescribed medicines to be taken before meal or before sleeping. They should be fed in separately.註明飯前或睡前利用的藥物應分開灌入
5.Pay attention to the marking on nasogastric tube at any time, whether it has faded or dislocated.隨時注重鼻胃管插入的標記是不是退色或脫落
6.For patient who uses the inner cannula or tracheotomy tube 翻譯公司 it is important to perform sputum suction before feeding, and open up the air sac to prevent formula from getting into lungs.利用氣管內管或氣管套管的病人，灌食前應先抽痰，並將氣囊打開，以免食品灌入肺內
7.After feeding, do not turn the body or perform slap percussion within 30 minutes.灌食後三十分鐘內，不要立即翻身或拍痰
8.If there a problem in gavage feeling, it may be caused by the following reasons:灌食時若感受不容易灌入，可能 翻譯緣由：
(1) The tube is congested by formula. You may draw out the formula with a syringe and then flush in 25cc of warm water.管子被食品壅塞，此時可以先將灌食空針反抽，再灌入25cc溫水
(2) The tube touches the stomach wall. You may pull out the gavage tube gently for about 1cm and flush in 25cc of warm water, or change the patient`s sleeping posture.
If it is still unable to feed in formula following the above-mentioned methods, you should notify the attendant nurse.管子碰著胃壁，此時可將胃管輕輕往外拉出1cm左右，再灌入25cc溫開水，或替換病人睡姿。若以上方式都沒法再灌入食物，必須通知居家護理師處理
9.The tape for securing the gavage tube must be changed every one or two days. Cleanse and dry up the face prior to taping. This can be done by splitting the tape along the center and adhere the tube in a crisscross manner(diagram 3).固定胃管的膠帶必需一至二天改換，並先清潔臉部皮膚，擦乾再貼。方式以下：膠帶從中央剪開兩條，互相交織纏住胃管
10.Avoid pressing and curling up the tube when turning the body or gavage feeding. You may hang the tube over the ear.翻身或灌食時，管子避免受壓或牽扯扭曲，可將管子掛在耳朶上
11.Rush feeding may cause diarrhea, in particularly for high calorie formula. Other noticeable symptoms are restless 翻譯公司 nausea and vomiting.灌食速度太快，特別是高熱量食品，易致腹瀉，也容易造成不適、噁心、吐逆
12.Try not to feed in too much air.儘量不要灌入太多的空氣
13.Use the other nostril with each tube change.重插時應換另外一鼻孔插入
14.Pay attention to nurse nasal and oral cavities.留意鼻腔及口腔護理
15.You may squeeze gently or rotate the nasogastric tube once every day to avoid it from sticking on to stomach wall.可每天柔柔的扭轉胃管一次，以防鼻胃管黏附在胃壁上

一連增補了幾篇中英文對比的衛教單，首要是針對三管照護為主（氣切管、導尿管及鼻胃管），桃園縣長照中心還有供應像傷口換藥、經口鼻抽痰、姿位引流及拍擊、噴霧治療、關節運動等英文衛教單張，保舉前去一看，以後有時候再將其中文申明補上（因為打字真 翻譯很花時間！）

若是要下載英文版 翻譯持久照護居家技能，今朝供應較完全的就是桃園縣長照中間所供應的，除了英文版外還有印尼文及越南文，是個值得保舉去看的處所，您可至桃園縣長照中間下載英文衛教單，因為是全英文的衛教單，是以在這增補中文說明便利對比！

。-> 翻譯社|,-> 翻譯公司|的-> 翻譯THE GAVAGE FEEDING PROCEDURES　灌食步調
1.Wash your hands.洗手
2.Gather the gavage equipment, and prepare for a comfortable and odorless environment (to let the patient enjoys the meal).放置灌食的用物及準備舒適、無臭 翻譯環境(讓病人好好享受這一餐)
3.Help his/her to sit up or raise the bed head up 30 to 60o(to allow formula to flow down naturally) (diagram 1).協助他坐起來或使床頭抬高30至60度(使食物輕易天然流下)
4.Place towel below the chin and maintain the cleanliness of the patient and bed sheet.將毛巾置於臉頰下，保持病人或床單的潔淨
5.Make sure the gavage tube is still in the stomach. This can be checked with the following methods:以以下任一方法肯定胃管是否仍在胃內
◆ Check the marking on the gavage tube, if it has dislocated more than 10cm, ask for a family member to block the end and pull out the tube gradually, and notify homecare attendant to insert it back. If the marking is not dislocated more than 10cm, check the oral cavity. If the gavage tube is not entangled 翻譯公司 gently push the tube down to its original position and refastened it.搜檢鼻胃管的記號，若脫出且跨越十公分則請家眷塞住一端後，遲緩將管子拔出，並通知居家護理師重插，若刻度未超過十公分，檢查口腔若無胃管纏繞，則可輕推進至原刻度位置從頭固定
◆ Pull back on syringe plunger to draw as to ensure the gavage tube is still in the stomach 翻譯公司 and check for stomach residual amount. If it is more than 50cc, then postpone feeding half or an hour later. If there is no strange appearance on the drawn-out stomach content, allow it to return to stomach naturally.以空針反抽，確定胃管仍在胃內，並檢查胃內殘餘食品量，若在50cc以上，則延緩遲半小時或一小時再灌，無異狀之反抽物，食品可以讓其自然流回胃內
◆ If there is no drawn-out stomach content, first check if the gavage tube is congested in the throat. If no, re-insert the tube for about 1~2 inches and continue the suction operation. Place the stethoscope over the stomach and inject 15cc of air. If you can hear a woosh sound entering the stomach, it is confirmed that the tube is in the stomach (diagram 2).若反抽沒抽到，先查抄管子是不是在喉頭打結，若無，再插入約1~2吋後再回抽，將聽診器置上腹部，注入15cc空氣，若聽到氣體進入胃內的聲音，便可確定管子在胃內（圖二）
◆ You may immerse the tube`s end in water. If bubbles appear following exhalation 翻譯公司 it denotes that the tube is in the respiratory tract but pay attention not to suck in water.亦可將管子結尾放入水中，若跟著呼氣產生氣泡，默示管子在氣管，要小心水吸入氣管內
6.Use the gavage tube to draw ou the residual or medicine, fix the gavage equipment about 30~45cm above the stomach and feed in formula gradually.以灌食筒抽食物或藥物，將灌食器的高度定在腹部上約30~45公分處，徐徐灌入食品速度不宜太快
7.When feeding is finished 翻譯公司 flush in 30~50cc of warm water to clear up the tube and avoid residual formula to get rotten or congested in the tube.待灌完後，再抽溫開水30~50cc灌入，沖淨管內剩下食品，以免管子內 翻譯食物腐敗或造成阻塞
8.Pinch the tube closed or refolded it with a cap.將管子密閉或反摺套入
9.Record the feeding formula and amount of that meal.記實此餐 翻譯灌食內容及量

SUPPLIES YOU NEED TO PREPARE 您需準備的用物
Feeding formula 翻譯公司 feeding syringe, towel and tissue paper. Feeding formula preparation:灌食品、灌食筒、毛巾和衛生紙 翻譯社灌食品的準備：
●Self-made formula. Prepare it in daily amount each time and store it in refrigerator. Take out only a feeding amount for each feeding 翻譯公司 warm it up and feed it down completely. (If you can`t finish the feeding 翻譯公司 store it back in refrigerator immediately).若採自製，則可一次製作一天的量，冰在冰箱，每次只取出需灌 翻譯量加熱並將之灌完(若沒法完全灌完，應速放回冰箱冷藏）
●Powder formula. Prepare a suitable amount each time and feed it completely. For canned formula, store the remainder portion quickly in refrigerator.若採商品為粉狀者，一次只泡適當的量全數灌入；若為罐裝，則未灌完部份應速放入冰箱中冷藏
●The formula is suitable to warm up to around 38~40℃,and not higher.食品宜加溫至約38至40℃，但不可過燙

GAVAGE FEEDING METHOD 鼻胃管餵食法
If your family member is unable to take in food from the mouth 翻譯公司 his nutrition will rely entire on your careful and patient preparation and gavage feeding. Let`s try it out together.在您家人沒法從口進食時，他 翻譯營養全您細心與耐煩 翻譯準備及灌食，讓我們一路動手來試試看！